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<title>npx</title>
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<div class="title">
npm command-line interface
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<section id="content">
<header class="title">
<h1 id="npx">npx</h1>
<span class="description">Run a command from a local or remote npm package</span>
</header>

<section id="table_of_contents">
<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
<div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><li><a href="#npx-vs-npm-exec"><code>npx</code> vs <code>npm exec</code></a></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#compatibility-with-older-npx-versions">Compatibility with Older npx Versions</a></li><li><a href="#see-also">See Also</a></li></ul></div>
</section>

<div id="_content"><h3 id="synopsis">Synopsis</h3>
<pre lang="bash"><code>npm exec -- &lt;pkg&gt;[@&lt;version&gt;] [args...]
npm exec --package=&lt;pkg&gt;[@&lt;version&gt;] -- &lt;cmd&gt; [args...]
npm exec -c '&lt;cmd&gt; [args...]'
npm exec --package=foo -c '&lt;cmd&gt; [args...]'

npx &lt;pkg&gt;[@&lt;specifier&gt;] [args...]
npx -p &lt;pkg&gt;[@&lt;specifier&gt;] &lt;cmd&gt; [args...]
npx -c '&lt;cmd&gt; [args...]'
npx -p &lt;pkg&gt;[@&lt;specifier&gt;] -c '&lt;cmd&gt; [args...]'

alias: npm x, npx

--package=&lt;pkg&gt; (may be specified multiple times)
-p is a shorthand for --package only when using npx executable
-c &lt;cmd&gt; --call=&lt;cmd&gt; (may not be mixed with positional arguments)
</code></pre>
<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
<p>This command allows you to run an arbitrary command from an npm package
(either one installed locally, or fetched remotely), in a similar context
as running it via <code>npm run</code>.</p>
<p>Whatever packages are specified by the <code>--package</code> option will be
provided in the <code>PATH</code> of the executed command, along with any locally
installed package executables.  The <code>--package</code> option may be
specified multiple times, to execute the supplied command in an environment
where all specified packages are available.</p>
<p>If any requested packages are not present in the local project
dependencies, then they are installed to a folder in the npm cache, which
is added to the <code>PATH</code> environment variable in the executed process.  A
prompt is printed (which can be suppressed by providing either <code>--yes</code> or
<code>--no</code>).</p>
<p>Package names provided without a specifier will be matched with whatever
version exists in the local project.  Package names with a specifier will
only be considered a match if they have the exact same name and version as
the local dependency.</p>
<p>If no <code>-c</code> or <code>--call</code> option is provided, then the positional arguments
are used to generate the command string.  If no <code>--package</code> options
are provided, then npm will attempt to determine the executable name from
the package specifier provided as the first positional argument according
to the following heuristic:</p>
<ul>
<li>If the package has a single entry in its <code>bin</code> field in <code>package.json</code>,
or if all entries are aliases of the same command, then that command
will be used.</li>
<li>If the package has multiple <code>bin</code> entries, and one of them matches the
unscoped portion of the <code>name</code> field, then that command will be used.</li>
<li>If this does not result in exactly one option (either because there are
no bin entries, or none of them match the <code>name</code> of the package), then
<code>npm exec</code> exits with an error.</li>
</ul>
<p>To run a binary <em>other than</em> the named binary, specify one or more
<code>--package</code> options, which will prevent npm from inferring the package from
the first command argument.</p>
<h3 id="npx-vs-npm-exec"><code>npx</code> vs <code>npm exec</code></h3>
<p>When run via the <code>npx</code> binary, all flags and options <em>must</em> be set prior to
any positional arguments.  When run via <code>npm exec</code>, a double-hyphen <code>--</code>
flag can be used to suppress npm’s parsing of switches and options that
should be sent to the executed command.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<pre><code>$ npx foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
</code></pre>
<p>In this case, npm will resolve the <code>foo</code> package name, and run the
following command:</p>
<pre><code>$ foo bar --package=@npmcli/foo
</code></pre>
<p>Since the <code>--package</code> option comes <em>after</em> the positional arguments, it is
treated as an argument to the executed command.</p>
<p>In contrast, due to npm’s argument parsing logic, running this command is
different:</p>
<pre><code>$ npm exec foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
</code></pre>
<p>In this case, npm will parse the <code>--package</code> option first, resolving the
<code>@npmcli/foo</code> package.  Then, it will execute the following command in that
context:</p>
<pre><code>$ foo@latest bar
</code></pre>
<p>The double-hyphen character is recommended to explicitly tell npm to stop
parsing command line options and switches.  The following command would
thus be equivalent to the <code>npx</code> command above:</p>
<pre><code>$ npm exec -- foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
</code></pre>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<p>Run the version of <code>tap</code> in the local dependencies, with the provided
arguments:</p>
<pre><code>$ npm exec -- tap --bail test/foo.js
$ npx tap --bail test/foo.js
</code></pre>
<p>Run a command <em>other than</em> the command whose name matches the package name
by specifying a <code>--package</code> option:</p>
<pre><code>$ npm exec --package=foo -- bar --bar-argument
# ~ or ~
$ npx --package=foo bar --bar-argument
</code></pre>
<p>Run an arbitrary shell script, in the context of the current project:</p>
<pre><code>$ npm x -c 'eslint &amp;&amp; say "hooray, lint passed"'
$ npx -c 'eslint &amp;&amp; say "hooray, lint passed"'
</code></pre>
<h3 id="compatibility-with-older-npx-versions">Compatibility with Older npx Versions</h3>
<p>The <code>npx</code> binary was rewritten in npm v7.0.0, and the standalone <code>npx</code>
package deprecated at that time.  <code>npx</code> uses the <code>npm exec</code>
command instead of a separate argument parser and install process, with
some affordances to maintain backwards compatibility with the arguments it
accepted in previous versions.</p>
<p>This resulted in some shifts in its functionality:</p>
<ul>
<li>Any <code>npm</code> config value may be provided.</li>
<li>To prevent security and user-experience problems from mistyping package
names, <code>npx</code> prompts before installing anything.  Suppress this
prompt with the <code>-y</code> or <code>--yes</code> option.</li>
<li>The <code>--no-install</code> option is deprecated, and will be converted to <code>--no</code>.</li>
<li>Shell fallback functionality is removed, as it is not advisable.</li>
<li>The <code>-p</code> argument is a shorthand for <code>--parseable</code> in npm, but shorthand
for <code>--package</code> in npx.  This is maintained, but only for the <code>npx</code>
executable.</li>
<li>The <code>--ignore-existing</code> option is removed.  Locally installed bins are
always present in the executed process <code>PATH</code>.</li>
<li>The <code>--npm</code> option is removed.  <code>npx</code> will always use the <code>npm</code> it ships
with.</li>
<li>The <code>--node-arg</code> and <code>-n</code> options are removed.</li>
<li>The <code>--always-spawn</code> option is redundant, and thus removed.</li>
<li>The <code>--shell</code> option is replaced with <code>--script-shell</code>, but maintained
in the <code>npx</code> executable for backwards compatibility.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="see-also">See Also</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-run-script.html">npm run-script</a></li>
<li><a href="../using-npm/scripts.html">npm scripts</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-test.html">npm test</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-start.html">npm start</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-restart.html">npm restart</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-stop.html">npm stop</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-config.html">npm config</a></li>
</ul>
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